Sleep Deprivation Is A Worldwide Epidemic - 2077 Words

Sleep deprivation is a worldwide epidemic. The increasingly rapid pace of society and round-the-clock access to technology are two factors that play a central role in sleep deprivation (Centers for Disease Control, 2015). Short-term effects of temporary sleep disturbance are typically limited, associated with only minor physiological consequences. However, long-term sleep deprivation (i.e., more than 24 hours) is associated with many harmful consequences (Meerlo, Mistlberger, Jacobs, Heller, McGinty, 2009). Meerlo et al. (2009) found that sleep disruption leads to reduced neurological functioning, which can have a devastating impact on learning, concentration, and memory. It also increases susceptibility to neurological disorders such as†¦show more content†¦Both groups showed a substantial increase in sleep quality and QOL. Since exercise varied by intensity and type among participants in both groups, the changes were attributed more to the increase in duration than intens ity or form. However, cross-sectional studies are of limited value in determining causality. Laboratory-based studies designed to evaluate the effects of exercise on sleep allow for a more robust assessment of cause and effect. For example, Matsumoto, Saito, Abe, and Furumi (1984) conducted a lab-based single-subject study in which the sleep patterns of participants were measured using electropolygraphs. Six participants of a similar build and fitness level were exposed to vigorous activity on some days and no exercise on others. The researchers monitored sleep latency and duration spent among the different sleep stages. Distinct patterns were clear. Sleep after exercise showed sizable reductions in latency. Duration in both short-wave sleep (responsible for restoration and processing of physiological systems), and REM sleep (responsible for neurological processing) showed notable increases compared to non-exercise sleep. These results indicate that vigorous exercise can improve sleep. Effects of a moderate and sustainable exercise plan on sleep quality are underrepresented in previous research. Behavior modification through a token economy and

Homosexuality Free Essays

Many believe that higher Education leads to an increase in tolerance towards individual who are different. There are some empirical findings to support this premise; however the impact of higher education on acceptance of homosexuality has not been adequately explored. Gays and Lesbian in society face many negative attitudes. We will write a custom essay sample on Homosexuality or any similar topic only for you Order Now Homosexual expression in native Africa was also present and took a variety of forms. Anthropologists Stephen Murray and Will Roscoe reported that women in Lesotho engaged in socially sanctioned â€Å"long term, erotic relationships† called motsoalle. The first record of possible homosexual couple in history is commonly regarded as Khnumhotep and Niankhkhnum, an Egyptian male couple, who lived around 2400 BCE. The pair are portrayed in a nose-kissing position, the most intimate pose in Egyptian art, surrounded by what appear to be their heirs. In Homosexual and transgender individuals were also common among other pre-conquest civilizations in Latin America, such as the Aztecs, Mayans, Quechuas, Moches, Zapotecs, and the Tupinamba of Brazil In East Asia, same-sex love has been referred to since the earliest recorded history. Homosexuality in China, known as the passions of the cut peach and various other euphemisms has been recorded since approximately 600 BCE. Homosexuality was mentioned in many famous works of Chinese literature. Homosexuality in Japan, variously known as shudo or nanshoku has been documented for over one thousand years and was an integral part of Buddhist monastic life and the samurai tradition. This same-sex love culture gave rise to strong traditions of painting and literature documenting and celebrating such relationships. Similarly, in Thailand, Kathoey, or â€Å"ladyboys†, have been a feature of Thai society for many centuries, and Thai kings had male as well as female lovers. While Kathoey may encompass simple effeminacy or transvestism, it most commonly is treated in Thai culture as a third gender. They are generally accepted by society, and Thailand has never had legal prohibitions against homosexuality or homosexual behavior. South Asia, The Laws of Manu, the foundational work of Hindu law, mentions a â€Å"third sex†, members of which may engage in nontraditional gender expression and homosexual activities. Europe, In regard of male homosexuality such documents depict a world in which relationships with women and relationships with youths were the essential foundation of a normal man’s love life. Same-sex relationships were a social institution variously constructed over time and from one city to another. Middle East, among some Middle Eastern Muslim cultures, egalitarian or age-structured homosexual practices were widespread and thinly veiled. The prevailing pattern of same-sex relationships in the temperate and sub-tropical zone stretching from Northern India to the Western Sahara is one in which the relationships were—and are—either gender-structured or age-structured or both. In recent years, egalitarian relationships modeled on the western pattern have become more frequent, though they remain rare. Same-sex intercourse officially carries the death penalty in several Muslim nations: Saudi Arabia, Iran, Mauritania, northern Nigeria, Sudan, and Yemen. Today, governments in the Middle East often ignore, deny the existence of, or criminalize homosexuality. Homosexuality is illegal in almost all Muslim countries. Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, during his 2007 speech at Columbia University, asserted that there were no gay people in Iran. However, the probable reason is that they keep their sexuality a secret for fear of government sanction or rejection by their families. Israel is considered the most tolerant country in the Middle East and Asia to homosexuals, while the Israeli city Tel Aviv has been named â€Å"the gay capital of the Middle East,† and is considered one of the most gay friendly cities in the world. The annual Pride Parade in support of homosexuality takes place in Tel Aviv. In many societies of Melanesia, especially in Papua New Guinea, same-sex relationships were an integral part of the culture until the middle of the last century. Tel Aviv, â€Å"The gay capital of the Middle East†, Tel Aviv is one of the most popular destinations for LGBT tourists internationally, with a large LGBT community. American journalist David Kaufman has described the city as a place â€Å"packed with the kind of ‘we’re here, we’re queer’ vibe more typically found in Sydney and San Francisco. The city hosts its well-known pride parade, the biggest in Asia, attracting over 100,000 people yearly. In January 2008, Tel Aviv’s municipality established the city’s LGBT Community Center, providing all of the municipal and cultural services to the LGBT community under one roof. In December 2008, Tel Aviv began putting together a team of gay athletes for the 2009 World Out games in Copenhagen. In addition, Tel Aviv hosts an annual LGBT Film Festival. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender ( LGBT ) people in the Philippines have a dinstinctive culture but limited egal rights. Gays and lesbians are generally tolerated, if not accepted within Filipino society, but there is still widespread discrimination. The most visible member of the Filipino LGBT culture, the BAKLA, are a distinct group in the Philippines. According to the 2002 YOUNG ADULT FERTILITY and SEXUALITY SURVEY, 11% of sexuality active Filipinos between the ages of 15 and 24 have had sex with someone of the same sex. In the Philippines, the term gay is used in reference to any LGBT person. For Filipino gays, the tagalog phrase, pagladlad ng kapa ( â€Å" unfurling the cape† ) or more commonly just paglaladlad ( â€Å"unfurling or unveiling† ) refers to the coming-out process, tibo, t-bird and tomboy are degoratory terms for butch lesbians just as bakla is for effeminategay men. Some lesbians, both butch and femme, use the terms magic or shunggril to refer to themselves. Neutral s;ang terms for gay men include billy boy, badette, bading and paminta ( straight – action gay man). Although legislation supporting same-sex marriage in the Philippines has been proposed several times to the Philippine legislature, none has ever been passed. How to cite Homosexuality, Essay examples

A Critical Review of Baz Luhrmanns Romeo and Juliet Essay Example For Students

A Critical Review of Baz Luhrmanns Romeo and Juliet Essay By general consensus the original and worlds greatest epic concerning love, Romeo and Juliet is presented here by Baz Luhrmann in a thoroughly modern and accessible format, whilst retaining the original plot and utilising some of the worlds best-known text. I must admit that, before I viewed this film, I approached it with a not insignificant amount of trepidation. I myself am not a great fan of the original tale, as I find it to have become predictable and unrealistic; a victim of its own success. I was pleasantly surprised to find, then, that Luhrmann has managed not only to keep mainly true to the plot, but has also made the film version exciting and impossible to stop watching. Luhrmanns film changes the setting of Shakespeares medieval, quaint town, Verona, to a typically troubled modern-day city, Verona Beach, replete with drugs, gangs, violent crime and corruption. This may sound like an unlikely setting for a tale of love, but actually turns out to be well able to accommodate the events of the plot, and, when coupled with Luhrmanns interpretations of the character, serves only to make the film convincingly believable. Capulet and Montague appear to be business-men, but all we know for certain is that they hold positions of power in the city, the head of each family operating from their own sizable sky-scraper emblazoned with the family name and glowering at the other over the tops of the other city buildings. The other family members in each of the feuding patriarchies run competing street gangs that frequently and publicly clash. In keeping with Shakespeares play, a modern-day news anchorwoman reads the original introductory sonnet. The film then opens with a clash between the two familial gangs that is split up by the chief officer of the cities constabulary; this police chief is Luhrmanns subtle recasting of the plays Prince. The rest of the film pretty much follows the original script of the play in Luhrmanns new setting. The party of the Capulets is, for example, held in the impressive mansion of the family, where Romeo and Juliet first meet and fall in love in the pool area. The pool scene is particularly notable for its clever juxtaposition of the original text with a tense, well-choreographed scene that portrays both the danger and passion of the pairs love. Later in the film, the scene of rage, where Capulet lashes out at his daughter, is superbly realised to display the psychotic nature of Capulet and vulnerability of Juliet in the face of her familys wishes. One notable exception from the film is one common in many modern interpretations of Romeo and Juliet: Juliets soliloquy. Juliets soliloquy in Act Three of the play is one of the major factors that show the audience her true character and establish in the mind of the reader her intelligence and loyalty. In leaving this part of the play out Luhrmann has diminished the real personality of Juliet for viewers, leaving those who have not read the play with the view that, to some extent, Juliet is a weak character who just floats along in the current of the events occurring around her. The omission also reduces the impact of Juliets suicide, as her true strength of character may not have been communicated effectively to the casual viewer. However, in spite of its few shortcomings, the film is very successful in conveying the many dimensions of each of the characters personalities. The characters appear on screen as vibrant and real people, bringing to life Shakespeares carefully constructed plot in a way that anyone can access and appreciate. I walked away from this film with a greater respect and interest for the story of Romeo and Juliet as Luhrmann has not simply transferred the play from words to pictures, but fully realised the potential of this tale and brought to life his interpretation of it in a way that will appeal to the school-children of today and provide a way for them to really get into Romeo and Juliet, helping them to actually appreciate the play, instead of having to pretend to do so in order to satisfy their examiner.